Audience: Dermatological healthcare professionals, patients
[UPDATE 04/08/2009] Genentech and FDA notified healthcare professionals of the voluntary, phased withdrawal of Raptiva, a medication for treatment of psoriasis, from the U.S. market due to a potential risk to patients of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). By June 8, 2009, Raptiva will no longer be available in the United States. Prescribers are being asked not to initiate Raptiva treatment for any new patients. Prescribers should immediately begin discussing with patients currently using Raptiva how to transition to alternative therapies. The FDA strongly recommends that patients work with their health care professional to transition to alternative therapies for psoriasis.
[Posted 02/19/2009] FDA issued a Public Health Advisory to notify healthcare professionals of three confirmed, and one possible report of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare brain infection, in patients using the psoriasis drug Raptiva. In October 2008, the labeling for Raptiva was changed to highlight, in a Boxed Warning, the risks of life-threatening infections, including PML. In addition, FDA directed Genentech, the manufacturer of Raptiva, to develop a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS, to ensure that patients receive risk information about Raptiva. The FDA is reviewing this latest information. The agency will take appropriate steps to ensure that the risks of Raptiva do not outweigh its benefits, that patients prescribed Raptiva are clearly informed of the signs and symptoms of PML, and that health care professionals carefully monitor patients for the possible development of PML. The Public Health Advisory provides recommendations for healthcare providers and patients when treatment with this product is considered.
美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)提出乾癬藥物Raptiva的黑框警告,這是FDA最嚴厲的警告,與致命的感染風險有關,包括罕見的腦部感染與腦膜炎。
FDA在今天發布新聞,Raptiva的警告將指出機會感染風險,包括:
* 細菌性敗血症─會影響全身的血液感染
* 病毒性腦膜炎─腦部感染
* 侵犯性黴菌病─會擴散到全身的黴菌感染
* 漸進性多病灶腦白質病(Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy,PML)─罕見的腦部感染
Raptiva每週以注射方式給藥一次,用於適合全身治療或者光照治療來控制乾癬之成人中度到嚴重斑塊型乾癬患者;Raptiva作用為抑制免疫系統,以減少乾癬突發,但是抑制免疫系統會增加嚴重感染與惡性病風險。
Raptiva的標籤資訊也更新,以納入幼鼠試驗的資料,顯示反覆給予時,有免疫系統永久抑制的潛在風險,FDA表示,幼鼠相當於14歲以下的兒童;Raptiva未核准用於18歲以下的小孩。
FDA藥物評估與研究中心主任Janet Woodcock醫師在新聞稿中表示,FDA在接獲有些使用Raptiva的病患出現嚴重感染之後,要求Raptiva標示黑框警訊與其他標籤變更。
但是 FDA指出,這些報告,包括一個PML案例,無法證實Raptiva會引起任何疾病。
【FDA對病患的建議】
FDA並未要求病患停止使用Raptiva。
Woodcock醫師表示,醫師與其他開立處方者必須小心地評估與衡量Raptiva對於病患的利弊,病患可能會更有風險。
FDA也鼓勵病患在開始使用Raptiva之前接受完該使用的疫苗,不要在使用Raptiva期間接受疫苗,因為可能無法發展所接種之病毒的免疫力。
使用Raptiva的病患也應注意感染的徵兆與症狀,包括以下問題:
* 混亂、頭昏眼花或者失去平衡、說話或行走有困難、視力問題(可能是PML的症狀)
* 站立時頭昏眼花、虛弱或者黃疸(可能是貧血症狀)
* 挫傷、牙齦出血、皮膚下方有針頭大小的紅色或紫色斑點(可能是血小板過低的症狀)
* 乾癬或者關節炎惡化
* 手腳或臉部突發麻木、刺痛或者虛弱(可能是神經系統異常的徵兆)
FDA建議,使用Raptiva的病患發生這些問題時要立即就醫。
製造Raptiva的Genentech藥廠表示,會發公開信告訴醫師與所有開方者這個標籤變更訊息。Genentech的發言人Krysta Pellegrino向WebMD表示,我們認為重點在教育病患和醫師有關感染的徵兆與症狀,以及其他有關此一警訊的資訊。
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