Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders
I. Alkalosis¯PaCO2
    A. Central nervous system stimulation
        1. Pain
        2. Anxiety, psychosis
        3. Fever
        4. Cerebrovascular accident
        5. Meningitis, encephalitis
        6. Tumor
        7. Trauma
    B. Hypoxemia or Tissue hypoxia
        1. High altitude,
        2. Pneumonia, pulmonary edema
        3. Aspiration
        4. Severe anemia
    C. Drugs or hormones
        1. Pregnancy, progesterone
        2. Salicylates
        3. Nikethamide
    D. Stimulation of chest receptors
        1. Hemothorax
        2. Flail chest
        3. Cardiac failure
        4. Pulmonary embolism
    E. Miscellaneous
        1. Septicemia
        2. Hepatic failure
        3. Mechanical hyperventilation
        4. Heat exposure
        5. Recovery from metabolic acidosis
II. Acidosis
    A. Central
        1. Drugs (anesthetics, morphine, sedatives)
        2. Stroke
        3. Infection
    B. Airway
        1. Obstruction
        2. Asthma
    C. Parenchyma
        1. Emphysema
        2. Pneumoconiosis
        3. Bronchitis
        4. Adult respiratory distress syndrome
        5. Barotrauma
    D. Neuromuscular
        1. Poliomyelitis
        2. Kyphoscoliosis
        3. Myasthenia
        4. Muscular dystrophies
    E. Miscellaneous
        1. Obesity
        2. Hypoventilation
        3. Permissive hypercapnia

Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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