Syndrome X
又稱Insulin Resistant syndrome
發生於第二型糖尿病患者，因βcell功能正常或輕微低下，故血中Insulin含量不會有太大變化。患者會呈現高血壓，Atherosclerosis粥狀動脈硬化，Dyslipidaemia血脂肪異常。目前稱做新陳代謝症候群（Metabolic syndrome），或雷文氏症候群（Reaven's syndrome），新陳代謝症候群，就是胰島素阻抗性症候群包括幾種常見的內科症狀：
1.高血壓。 4.高尿酸血症(痛風)。
2.血脂代謝異常。 5.腹部肥胖。
3.糖尿病(或高胰島素血症)。
美國國家膽固醇教育計劃（NCEP）在2001年發表的新版膽固醇指引ATPⅢ，建議將所有的糖尿病患視同有心臟病發作病史的患者，必須接受同樣積極的治療，亦即利用飲食、運動或藥物來控制血糖與高血脂，而且糖尿病有三大併發症：
1) 糖尿病視網膜病變易導致視力受損，甚至失明、
2) 蛋白尿腎臟病變可能導致腎臟衰竭，國內洗腎的患者中近半數與糖尿病有關，以及
3) 神經病變，容易破壞足部感覺神經的功能，一旦有足部傷口因痛覺遲緩，如果加上感
染，截肢是可能的後果
1) 糖尿病視網膜病變易導致視力受損，甚至失明、
2) 蛋白尿腎臟病變可能導致腎臟衰竭，國內洗腎的患者中近半數與糖尿病有關，以及
3) 神經病變，容易破壞足部感覺神經的功能，一旦有足部傷口因痛覺遲緩，如果加上感
染，截肢是可能的後果
DM的種類：
1. Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar (glucose), starches and other food into energy needed for daily life
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar (glucose), starches and other food into energy needed for daily life
2. Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use sugar. Sugar is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use sugar. Sugar is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells.
3. Gestational diabetes
Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood sugar (glucose) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes.
Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood sugar (glucose) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes.
4. Pre-diabetes
Before people develop type 2 diabetes, they almost always have "pre-diabetes" -- blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.
Before people develop type 2 diabetes, they almost always have "pre-diabetes" -- blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.
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