這是一個真實事件,在大夜班的時候上演。
一位病人拿著處方到藥局來領藥,藥師看著處方上面寫的適應症:腹瀉。再看看使用的藥品:buscopan。
一位病人拿著處方到藥局來領藥,藥師看著處方上面寫的適應症:腹瀉。再看看使用的藥品:buscopan。
感到很疑惑,於是打電話給處方醫師,問:請問醫師,確定要開buscopan給病患嗎?因為buscopan不是止瀉劑,所以是不是有其他適應症?
醫師回答:沒錯,我確定,之後便領著病患到急診發藥櫃臺,以興師問罪的口吻跟藥師說,我們急診醫師都是用這個止瀉的,你應該要多念點書,你現在去查查資料,看看他的適應症。
我的同事也有點不高興:沒錯,buscopan是腸胃解痙劑,本來就沒有止瀉的適應症,你真的要開來幫助止瀉也可以,不過我跟你說,效果很差。
可能因為病患就在旁邊,醫師也自知理虧,但是又拉不下臉來,便跟病人說:這要是用來治療腸胃痙攣的沒錯,不過也可以治療止瀉就是了。
事情傳到我耳中,為了公平正義,所以我們就來看看buscopan核定的適應症:
1. 衛生署核准適應症:
胃腸痙攣及運動亢進、膽管痙攣及其運動障礙、尿路痙攣、女性生殖器之痙攣症狀。
胃腸痙攣及運動亢進、膽管痙攣及其運動障礙、尿路痙攣、女性生殖器之痙攣症狀。
2. FDA Approved Indications
1. Motion sickness
2. Postoperative nausea and vomiting; Prophylaxis
3. Amnesia, induction in obstetrics
4. Delirium tremens
5. Diagnostic procedure on eye proper, mydriasis induction and cycloplegic refraction
6. Increased intestinal motility
7. Mania
8. Postencephalitic parkinsonism
9. Preoperative sedation
10. Sedation
11. Spasticity
12. Uveitis, iridocyclitis
13. Vomiting
補一下機轉:
Scopolamine (also known as hyoscine) competitively inhibits muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine and acts as a nonselective muscarinic antagonist , producing both peripheral antimuscarinic properties and central sedative, antiemetic, and amnestic effects.
The proposed mechanism of action of scopolamine in the treatment of motion sickness is a disturbance in the balance between the cholinergic and adrenergic systems in the CNS, secondary to vestibular stimuli. In response to vestibular stimuli, impulses are transmitted to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation neurons, areas which contain both cholinergic and adrenergic receptors. Activation of cholinergic receptors activates the vomiting center. A functional vestibular system is required before motion sickness can occur; deaf subjects with non-functional vestibular systems are immune to even severe exposures to motion.
Drugs which either inhibit the cholinergic system (scopolamine) or stimulate the adrenergic system have been proven effective in preventing motion sickness。
我想答案應該很清楚了,其實一般腹瀉或是腸胃疾病的病患使搭配使用buscopan 的理由在於緩解腸胃道痙攣的現象,而減少因外在刺激性所導致的腹瀉症狀,但是這個藥本身並沒有任何的止瀉機轉在。
所以這件事情可以得到一個結論,隔行如隔山,每一個專業都值得尊重,要討論藥物的問題時,請不要擺出高姿態,好像自己一定最懂得樣子,好聲好氣的講,對醫師、對藥師、對病患來說,都是一件好事。
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