1. Crystalloids : duration 1~2hr ( water : duration 15 min )
2. Colloids : duration 6~18
3. Blood Products
Type of Fluid: | Comment: | |
Crystalloids | 1.Normal saline ( 0.9% NaCl ) 2.Ringers Lactate ( simulated plasma electrolyte solution ) ( 27 mg/L lactate ) | Crystalloids distribute to both intravascular and interstitial ( extracellular ) fluid compartments. The two products are interchangeable , but ringers lactate provides electrolytes & â risk of hyperchloremic acidosis via conversion to HCO3- |
Colloids | 1.Albumin: 250 mL 5% solution;50 mL 25% solution 2.Hetastarch: 250 mL 6% solution | Colloids distribute primarily to vascular spaces. Maintain oncotic pressure and keep volume in vascular compartments , The two products are interchangeable;hetastarch is less expensive and does not transmit hepatitis or AIDS virus |
Blood Products | 1.Whole blood 2.Packed red blood cells | To maintain HCT > 25 - 30% |
Fluid | Average Molecular Weight (daltons) | Oncotic Pressure | Plasma Volume Expansion | Serum Half-Life |
5% Albumin | 69,000 | 20 mmHg | 0.7-1.3 | 16 hr |
25% Albumin | 69,000 | 70 mmHg | 4.0-5.0 | 16 hr |
6% Hetastarch | 69,000 | 30 mmHg | 1.0-1.3 | 17 days |
10% Pentastarch | 120,000 | 40 mmHg | 1.5 | 10 hr |
10% Dextran 40 | 26,000 | 40 mmHg | 1.0-1.5 | 6 hr |
6% Dextran 70 | 41,000 | 40 mmHg | 0.8 | 12 hr |
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