快樂小藥師 Im pharmacist nichts glücklich

Alinia®（nitazoxanide）

外觀：

用途：Treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia

治療由Cryptosporidium parvum（小隱孢子球菌） 或 Giardia lamblia（梨形鞭毛蟲）引起的腹瀉，但是若HIV患者，則無效。

劑量：

成人：

 Diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia: Oral: 500 mg every 12 hours for 3 days

 Clostridium difficile  -associated diarrhea (unlabeled use): Oral: 500 mg every 12 hours for 10 days (Musher, 2009)

兒童：

 Diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia: Oral:

Children 1-3 years: 100 mg every 12 hours for 3 days

Children 4-11 years: 200 mg every 12 hours for 3 days

Children ≥12 years: Refer to adult dosing.

服用方式：

Administer with food. Shake suspension well prior to administration.

隨餐服用

機轉：Nitazoxanide is rapidly metabolized to the active metabolite tizoxanide in vivo. Activity may be due to interference with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction which is essential to anaerobic metabolism. In vitro, nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibit the growth of sporozoites and oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia.

順便介紹一下小隱包子球菌

小隱孢子球菌(CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM)是一種微小的寄生球蟲，會侵入小腸微絨毛。被感染的一個月以下反芻獸通常會出輕微下痢，不過也可能有更嚴重的症狀。最近這也被認為是一種引起貓，狗，和小馬下痢的原因。由糞便傳播，因此公共衛生是合理的預防感染方向。這是一種人畜共通傳染病。