Epidural actions of local anaesthetics in the dog
|
Drug |
Onset (min) |
Duration (min) |
|
Lignocaine 2% |
5 |
45-90 |
|
Mepivacaine 2% |
5 |
60-90 |
|
Bupivacaine 0.5% |
20 |
120-360 |
|
Ropivacaine 0.5% |
15 |
90-420 |
All drugs administered at 0.2 ml/kg. Data from Torske and Dyson (2000)
Doses and intervals for opioids in small animals
|
Drug |
Mouse |
Rat |
Guinea-pig |
Rabbit |
|
Buprenorphine 6–12 h |
0.05-0.1 |
0.01-0.05 |
0.05 |
0.01-0.05 |
|
Butorphanol 4h |
1-2 |
1-2 |
- |
0.1-0.5 |
|
Meperidine (Pethidine) 2–4 h |
10-20 |
10-20 |
10-20 |
5-10 |
|
Morphine 4h |
2-5 |
2-5 |
20-5 |
2-5 |
|
Nalbuphine 4h |
2-4 |
1-2 |
1-2 |
1-2 |
All doses are in mg/kg for subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. Data from Flecknell (1996); Cowan et al. (1997); Dobromylskyj et al. (2000)
Doses and intervals for opioids in companion animals, birds and reptiles
|
Drug |
Dog |
Cat |
Bird |
Reptiles |
|
Buprenorphine 6–12 h |
0.005–0.02 |
0.005–0.02 |
0.01–0.05 |
0.4–1 |
|
Butorphanol 2–4 h |
0.2–0.6 |
0.2–0.8 |
1–4 |
1 |
|
Fentanyl 0.5 h (i/v) |
0.001–0.005 |
– |
0.02–0.2 |
– |
|
Meperidine (Pethidine) 2–3 h |
3–10 |
3–10 |
– |
1–4 |
|
Morphine 4–8 h |
0.1–1 |
0.1–0.2 |
200 |
0.05–4 |
|
Nalbuphine 3–4 h |
0.3–0.5 |
0.3–0.5 |
– |
– |
|
Oxymorphone 2–4 h |
0.05–0.2 |
0.05–0.4 |
– |
– |
All doses in mg/kg for subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. Data from Dobromylskyj et al. (2000); Machin (2005); Mosley (2005)
Table 4 Doses and intervals for opioids in farm animals
|
Drug |
Sheep |
Goat |
Pig |
Horse |
|
Buprenorphine |
0.005–0.01 |
0.005 |
0.005–0.05 |
0.004–0.006 |
|
6–12 h |
|
|
|
|
|
Butorphanol |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.1–0.3 |
0.05–0.1 |
|
3–8 h |
|
|
|
|
|
Meperidine |
2 |
– |
2 |
1–2 |
|
(Pethidine) |
|
|
|
|
|
2–4 h |
|
|
|
|
|
Morphine |
0.2–0.5 |
0.2–0.5 |
0.2–1 |
0.1 |
|
2–4 h |
|
|
|
|
All doses are in mg/kg for subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.Data from Flecknell (1996); Thurman et al. (1996); Wolfensohn and(1998);Dobromylskyj et al. (2000)
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